Question 1
Henry Fox Talbot, an English botanist and mathematician, invented the first negative from which one could make multiple positive prints.
In 1835, Henry Fox Talbot, had produced his first camera negative. In 1839 the French painter Louis Daguerre created the photographic process that became known as the daguerreotype. When Talbot read about this, he immediately made his own earlier researches public. In the course of the following year he refined his researches to produce what became known as the calotype. Talbot produced some masterly photographic images using the calotype process.
Variants of Talbot’s negative-positive process were to dominate photography up to the digital age. The negatives was waxed after processing to increase the translucency of the paper. The fibres of the original paper can be seen in the image and these, alongside the soft and delicate tones, are characteristic of the process.
This particularly striking view was made at Talbot’s family home at Lacock Abbey in Wiltshire. https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/invention-of-photography
Frederick Scoff Archer, an English sculptor, invented the wet plate negative in 1851.
He used a strong solution of collodion along with glass that was coated in light-sensitive silver salts. The wet plate process very quickly replaced the Daguerreotype, Calotype and albumen processes. It was easier to use than the previous methods and made it possible to produce multiple images. The photos came out with finer details because it used glass instead of paper. It remained the predominant process for the next 30 years. The challenge was that wet plates had to be developed very quickly, before the solution dried, so photographers had to bring portable darkrooms along. Frederick Scoff Archer solved this problem by making a very compact folding camera that was also a portable darkroom.
Archer never patented his invention, because he wanted to give his invention to the world. This decision caused him to die as a poor man.
http://www.earlyphotography.co.uk/site/gloss10.html
Flexible roll film
George Eastman created film that is flexible and unbreakable in 1889. One could also roll this film up. This was the first step in making the mass-produced box camera a reality. George Eastman was an american inventor who invented the flexible roll film and founded Eastman Kodak (later know as Kodak).
Eastman registered the Kodak trademark on September 4, 1888, and patented the first camera with film.
Question 2
http://historydaily.org/60-jarring-nature-photos/18
The text for this photography is:
When this tornado struck the town of Waynoka, Oklahoma, in May of 1898, someone was prepared with a camera to capture the twister. Some claim that the two unidentified gentlemen in this photograph were engaging in storm chasing when this image was taken, but David Hoadley, who was born in 1938, a whole forty years after this photograph was taken, is the first recognized storm chaser. Hoadley began his career as a storm chaser in 1956 in North Dakota, using date from nearby airports and weather offices. Hoadley founded “Storm Track” magazine. If the men in this pic were, indeed, storm chasing, they were most likely just amateurs who liked to watch wicked weather.
I really like this photo, and it´s impressive to me that they´ve taken a photo this close to a tornado, with the equipment they had at hand at the time. As the text above states, this was taken fourty years before the first recognized storm chaser. That leads me to wonder; had they planned to take this photography or was it by pure luck? Maybe they were on their way to take other nature photographies and saw this tornado coming?
The fact that the photo is a bit grainy and ave big contrast makes it so much more dramatic, and this suits the subject of the photography. The photography is taken vertically and you see a lot of the dark skies, which also adds to the drama. Both the men and the photographer must be brave people to stand so close to the tornado, watching it and taking this photography.
My reflective journal 